Orange River.

The largest river of South Africa.Originates from the Drakensberg Mountain and  flows in  Atlantic ocean.
it has many tributaries.Tributary is a stream, river, or a body of water that discharge its water into another larger river.


Major Tributaries of Orange river.


the Vaal river. This is the  largest tributary of orange river.It is 1,120 km long.


Diep River drain through the province of South Africa.


Berg river.located just north of cape town.


Makhaleng river.This river flows from western Lesotho and ends up in Orange river


Molopo river.This river forms border between Botswana and south Africa.


Caledon river. this river makes border between South Africa (free state province) and Lesotho


Kraai river. This tributary flows near eastern cap and flowing west joins orange river near Alival north.


Bamboeespruit river. (Bamboes spruit ).This river runs through the north west province of south Africa.


Senqu River.


Colonel Robert Gorden was the person who called it Orange River. Another popular opinion about the term Orange river is that this name is given to this river due to its Colour. It is also known as Gariep River,Groote River, or Senqu River in Africa.

USAID is not healing the wound of destruction.

It is a tragic mix-up when the United states spend 500.000 $  for every enemy soldier killed and  only 53$ annually on the victims of Poverty . Once said by Martin Luther king is still relevant . American military operations throughout the world are threefold higher than it's efforts to initiate humanitarian and welfare  projects through USAID or other means.

 American Priority is not to construct the world but to destruct as much as it can be.  The rampant destruction in Afghanistan and in Iraq is unprecedented. Drone attacks in Pakistan and most recent  incursion  in Libya . security council passed a resolution on No-fly-zone. but violating this resolution Forces are targeting Mua'mar Gadaffi . which is causing  uncertainty  among the Arab League. The destruction of Misurata has alarmed the UN and it showed its concerns about the protection of Libya's  historical site "pearl of the desert" ,which remains in  peril of destruction.


Beyond that, civilian casualties is the irreparable damage .  Civilian casualties in Iraq  are between 5,115to 5,135.  Afghan casualties amount 9,759 civilians. Drone attacks till now had taken the life of 2,242 in Pakistan.. The figures shows 3,000 were killed in 9/11 whereas America has killed nearly 3000 in Pakistan only in quest of perpetrators.

American aid to these countries is not enough  to amend losses. USAID donate  5.1billion to Pakistan and almost 4 billion dollar to Afghanistan. keep the "condition" factor in mind . This peanut amount aid is granted with conditions.



The cost of Afghan Iraq war has reached to 1 trillion dollars and 33 billion were to fund more after the 2010 budget of the US in which   751 billion $ were to be use in Iraq.  The amount of destruction exceeds the aid.

 However, the civilians who got killed or injured during attack must be given compensation. It would be more appropriate to stop attacking  suspects with Drones for it cause collateral damage and reap more enemies for the US.

nuclear facilities in the seismic zones

it has been  estimated by  IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) that about 20 percent of worlds nuclear facilities are being operated in seismic zones.Japan's plant Hamaoka near Tokai is in the region where the earthquake of up to  8.5 is likely to expect.Indian(Jaitapure plant in Maharashtra) . Australian American, Indonesian plants are found in seismic zone. Although, experts claim that these atomic reactors in these areas can withstand  Earthquake as we had  seen in the case of Japan. when, the major earth quack of 2007  struck  the Japan  but the nuclear plant got shut down automatically and  was reinstalled later on . Recent catastrophic earthquake in Japan not only devastated  the country but it  was power enough to change it's coastline.
inspite  off precautions the nuclear reactors in Fukushima put the country under the fear of radioactive contamination. The government declared nuclear emergency.what if Japan is unable to cool down its nuclear reactors? Answer is well known


The more important thing that some people tend to relate to this phenomena (earth quack and tsunami or storm, tides) is Super moon theory. The super Moon of March 2011 is being blamed for this 8.9 magnitude earth quack of Japan.but this Earthquake happened just before the Super moon of march 2011.
The super Moon is the nearest distance between the earth and the moon. That is called perigee which is about  363,104 km.


Richard Nolle is the proponent of this theory who states that this phenomenon is the causative agent of Earthquake, volcanic eruptions, storms etc. The more accurate fact about this earthquake is the tectonic Plate movement which gave rise to this huge magnitude Earthquake . The matter of concern is despite having all information about the seismic zones why to take risk  by building nuclear plants there? , seismic zones aren't the best place for nuclear facilities,

physical features of Pakistan.

Highest peaks of Pakistan.





K2. 8,616 m  (  second highest after mount Everest, is  located on the border of china and Gilgit-baltistan(Pakistan).


Nanga parbat . also describe as killer mountain. and naked mountain, elevation is about 8,125 m (26,660ft)


 located in Gilgit-baltistan in Himalayan range. it is 9Th highest mountain of the world.


Gasherbrum1, also known as K5, or Hidden peak it's elevation is 8068 m (about 26,509 ft).  it is eleventh


highest of the world and is located in Karakorum range on the border of China and Pakistan(Gilgat baltistan)


Broad peak (K3) also known as faichan kangri is 8,065 m (26,414 ft) elevated above the sea level and is


 the 12Th highest mountain of the world.




Gasherbrum ii  (K4) it is 8,035 m(26,362 ft) high and is 13th highest mountain of the world.


Gasherbrum III  is 7,952m (26,089 ft) high and is situated on the china-Pakistan border.


Gasherbrum IV  is 7,925 m (26,01 ft) high. 17th highest of the world and sixth largest in Pakistan.


 Gasherbrum is taken into the word of shinning wall or beautiful mountain


Distagil sar  is the 19th highest mountain of the world which is 7,885 m(25,869 ft) located in Hispar


muztagh in Gilgat baltistan.


moreover, kunyang Kish 7,852m (25,761 ft),Masherbrum (NE), Rakaposhi 25,551 ft, Batura 1,
 
Kanjut  sar,Saltoro Kangri, Trivor and Tirich Mir are prominent.


                                                                            


   Lakes

• Mancher lake ,   (in sindh)

• keenjar, (in sindh)

• Hanna,     (Baloachistan)

• Saiful maluk,   ( khybar pakhtoonkhua)

• Satpara,     ( Northern areas)

• Kachura,  ( Northern areas)

Young Mountain ranges.

 Alps stem, Himalayas, Andes  and Rockies Mountain ranges are young mountain ranges.
These Mountain  belts were formed some twenty five to thirty five million years ago. In other words these ranges of the mountains belongs to Tertiary or Alpine period.

Alps stem and Himalayas Belt.

 tectonic plates are Moving on the asthenosphere and these plates  converge and diverge in their respective region. thus, we see that the Himalayan mountains are elevating because these tectonic plates collide and give upthrust to these rocks.The collision of these plates folds the converging rocks.
. These Mountains are also referred as Young Mountains and folded mountains .

Alps Stem,
the cause of formation is the collision of African and European Tectonic plates
This Great mountain range covers Austria, Slovenia, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany  and France.
Mount Blanc(don't confuse Mount Blanc with Cape Blanc that is in Africa)  is the highest point in  Alps which is approximately 15,782 ft and make up the border of France and Italy. This range is also divided as western Alps and eastern alps. the highest peak of eastern Alps is Piz Bernina about 13, 284 ft.

Himalayas
 Himalaya mountain range is the world's highest mountain range which is the dwelling place of world's highest peaks.the fourteen mountains that are above eight thousand meter (also called eight thou sanders) are located in Himalayan ranges. This range runs  through India, Pakistan,Bhutan, China,Nepal, Burma and Afganistan.
Mount Everest  world highest peak of 29,029 ft lies in this range.

Rocky mountains/ Rockies

these ranges cover 3000 miles area of  western North America . It starts  from the British coloumbia  and runs into western Canada to new Mexico.  Mount Elbert is the highest peak and is 14,440 ft above  the sea level.

Andes Mountain

this is world's longest continental range. Mount Aconcagua stand out  with the elevation of  22,841 ft in this mountane range . This range  is located in South America
some other branches of these mountains are also found in Caribbean sea. Indonesia, Malaysia and philipine